Compare French Polynesia (2008) - Chad (2006)

Compare French Polynesia (2008) z Chad (2006)

	French Polynesia (2008)	Chad (2006)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas lands of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are five archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, Iles Sous-le-Vent	14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile note: instead of 14 prefectures, there may be a new administrative structure of 28 departments (departments, singular - department) and 1 city; Assongha, Baguirmi, Bahr El Gazal, Bahr Koh, Batha Oriental, Batha Occidental, Biltine, Borkou, Dababa, Ennedi, Guera, Hadjer Lamis, Kabia, Kanem, Lac, Lac Iro, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Boneye, Mayo-Dallah, Monts de Lam, N'Djamena, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile Oriental, Tandjile Occidental, Tibesti
Age structure	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 36,223/female 34,677) 15-64 years: 68.2% (male 98,784/female 91,585) 65 years and over: 6.3% (male 8,933/female 8,761) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 47.9% (male 2,396,393/female 2,369,261) 15-64 years: 49.3% (male 2,355,940/female 2,550,535) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 107,665/female 164,407) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products	fish; coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruits, coffee; poultry, beef, dairy products	cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels
Airports	54 (2007)	52 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 37 over 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 27 under 914 m: 3 (2007)	total: 7 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 9 under 914 m: 8 (2007)	total: 45 1,524 to 2,437 m: 14 914 to 1,523 m: 21 under 914 m: 10 (2006)
Area	total: 4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls) land: 3,660 sq km water: 507 sq km	total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut	slightly more than three times the size of California
Background	The French annexed various Polynesian island groups during the 19th century. In September 1995, France stirred up widespread protests by resuming nuclear testing on the Mururoa atoll after a three-year moratorium. The tests were suspended in January 1996. In recent years, French Polynesia's autonomy has been considerably expanded.	Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution, and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite several peace agreements between the government and the rebels. In 2005 new rebel groups emerged in western Sudan and have made probing attacks into eastern Chad. Power remains in the hands of an ethnic minority. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits.
Birth rate	16.41 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	45.73 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget	revenues: $865 million expenditures: $644.1 million (1999)	revenues: $765.2 million expenditures: $653.3 million; including capital expenditures of $146 million (2005 est.)
Capital	name: Papeete geographic coordinates: 17 32 S, 149 34 W time difference: UTC-10 (5 hours behind Washington, DC during Standard Time)	name: N'Djamena geographic coordinates: 12 07 N, 15 03 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical, but moderate	tropical in south, desert in north
Coastline	2,525 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	4 October 1958 (French Constitution)	passed by referendum 31 March 1996; a June 2005 referendum removed constitutional term limits
Country name	conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French Polynesia conventional short form: French Polynesia local long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynesie Francaise local short form: Polynesie Francaise former: French Colony of Oceania	conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad local short form: Tchad/Tshad
Death rate	4.61 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	16.38 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$1.5 billion (2003 est.)
Dependency status	overseas lands of France; overseas territory of France from 1946-2004	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas lands of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Marc M. WALL embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] 516-211 FAX: [235] 515-654
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas lands of France)	chief of mission: Ambassador Mahamat Adam BECHIR chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937
Disputes - international	none	since the expulsions of residents from Darfur in 2003 by Janjawid armed militia and Sudanese military, about 200,000 refugees remain in eastern Chad; Chad remains an important mediator in the Sudanese civil conflict, reducing tensions with Sudan arising from cross-border banditry; Chadian Aozou rebels reside in southern Libya; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Economic aid - recipient	$579.8 million (2004)	$238.3 million received; note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank; ODA $246.9 million (2003 est.)
Economy - overview	Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence agricultural economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. With the halt of French nuclear testing in 1996, the military contribution to the economy fell sharply. Tourism accounts for about one-fourth of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings. Other sources of income are pearl farming and deep-sea commercial fishing. The small manufacturing sector primarily processes agricultural products. The territory benefits substantially from development agreements with France aimed principally at creating new businesses and strengthening social services.	Chad's primarily agricultural economy will continue to be boosted by major foreign direct investment projects in the oil sector that began in 2000. Over 80% of Chad's population relies on subsistence farming and livestock raising for its livelihood. Chad's economy has long been handicapped by its landlocked position, high energy costs, and a history of instability. Chad relies on foreign assistance and foreign capital for most public and private sector investment projects. A consortium led by two US companies has been investing $3.7 billion to develop oil reserves - estimated at 1 billion barrels - in southern Chad. The nation's total oil reserves has been estimated to be 2 billion barrels. Oil production came on stream in late 2003. Chad began to export oil in 2004. Cotton, cattle, and gum arabic provide the bulk of Chad's non-oil export earnings.
Electricity - consumption	429.7 million kWh (2005)	111.6 million kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production	462 million kWh (2005)	120 million kWh (2003)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Orohena 2,241 m	lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m
Environment - current issues	NA	inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups	Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4%	200 distinct groups; in the north and center: Arabs, Gorane (Toubou, Daza, Kreda), Zaghawa, Kanembou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Hausa, Boulala, and Maba, most of whom are Muslim; in the south: Sara (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), Moundang, Moussei, Massa, most of whom are Christian or animist; about 1,000 French citizens live in Chad
Exchange rates	Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - NA (2007), 95.03 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003) note: pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003), 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Nicolas SARKOZY (since 16 May 2007), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Anne BOQUET (since September 2005) head of government: President of French Polynesia Oscar TEMARU (since 13 September 2007); note - President TEMARU resigned on 27 January 2008; President of the Territorial Assembly Antony GEROS (since 9 May 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Territorial Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the territorial government and the president of the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly for five-year terms (no term limits)	chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Pascal YOADIMNADJI (since 3 February 2005) cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 3 May 2006 (next to be held by May 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 64.7%, Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE 15.1%, Albert Pahimi PADACKE 7.8%, Mahamat ABDOULAYE 7.1%, Brahim KOULAMALLAH 5.3%; note - a June 2005 national referendum altered the constitution removing presidential term limits and permitting Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno to run for reelection
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	cultured pearls, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat	cotton, cattle, gum arabic, oil
Exports - partners	France 46.3%, Japan 20.8%, Niger 12.8%, US 12.5% (2006)	US 78.1%, China 9.9%, Taiwan 4.1% (2005)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with a blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and a gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue, and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions	three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 3.1% industry: 19% services: 76.9% (2005)	agriculture: 33.5% industry: 25.9% services: 40.6% (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.1% (2002)	6% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates	15 00 S, 140 00 W	15 00 N, 19 00 E
Geography - note	includes five archipelagoes (4 volcanic, 1 coral); Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru	landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel
Government - note	under certain acts of France, French Polynesia has acquired autonomy in all areas except those relating to police and justice, monetary policy, tertiary education, immigration, and defense and foreign affairs; the duties of its president are fashioned after those of the French prime minister	-
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	5,678 bbl/day (2004)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	fuels, foodstuffs, machinery and equipment	machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners	France 52.7%, Singapore 14.9%, NZ 6.8%, US 6.6% (2006)	France 21.1%, Cameroon 15.5%, US 12.1%, Belgium 6.8%, Portugal 4.6%, Saudi Arabia 4.3%, Netherlands 4.1% (2005)
Independence	none (overseas lands of France)	11 August 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	5% (1995)
Industries	tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts, phosphates	oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials
Infant mortality rate	total: 7.84 deaths/1,000 live births male: 9.01 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 91.45 deaths/1,000 live births male: 100.12 deaths/1,000 live births female: 82.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.1% (2006 est.)	3% (2005 est.)
International organization participation	FZ, ITUC, PIF (associate member), SPC, UPU, WMO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	10 sq km (2003)	300 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts
Labor force	65,930 (December 2005)	2.719 million
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 13% industry: 19% services: 68% (2002)	agriculture: 80% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) industry and services: 20%
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km
Land use	arable land: 0.75% permanent crops: 5.5% other: 93.75% (2005)	arable land: 2.8% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.18% (2005)
Languages	French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4% (official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002 census)	French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), more than 120 different languages and dialects
Legal system	the laws of France, where applicable, apply	based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (57 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 January 2008 (first round) and 10 February 2008 (second round) (next to be held NA 2013) election results: percent of vote by party - Our Home alliance 45.2%, Union for Democracy alliance 37.2%, Popular Rally (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) 17.2% other 0.5%; seats by party - Our Home alliance 27, Union for Democracy alliance 20, Popular Rally 10 note: one seat was elected to the French Senate on 27 September 1998 (next to be held in September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; two seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held in 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP/RPR 1, UMP 1	bicameral according to constitution, consists of a National Assembly (155 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and a Senate (not yet created and size unspecified, members to serve six-year terms, one-third of membership renewable every two years) elections: National Assembly - last held 21 April 2002 (next to be held by April 2007) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 110, RDP 12, FAR 9, RNDP 5, URD 5, UNDR 3, other 11
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 76.31 years male: 73.88 years female: 78.86 years (2007 est.)	total population: 47.52 years male: 45.88 years female: 49.21 years (2006 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 14 and over can read and write total population: 98% male: 98% female: 98% (1977 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 47.5% male: 56% female: 39.3% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, archipelagoes in the South Pacific Ocean about one-half of the way from South America to Australia	Central Africa, south of Libya
Map references	Oceania	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 13 ships (1000 GRT or over) 23,684 GRT/17,291 DWT by type: cargo 4, passenger 2, passenger/cargo 5, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 registered in other countries: 2 (Wallis and Futuna 2) (2007)	-
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of France	-
Military branches	no regular military forces; Gendarmerie and National Police Force	Chadian National Army (Armee Nationale Tchadienne, ANT), Air Force, Gendarmerie (2004)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$68.95 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1% (2005 est.)
National holiday	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)	Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
Nationality	noun: French Polynesian(s) adjective: French Polynesian	noun: Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian
Natural hazards	occasional cyclonic storms in January	hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues
Natural resources	timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower	petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold, limestone, sand and gravel, salt
Net migration rate	2.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	-0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines	-	oil 205 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for a New Democracy or ADN [Nicole BOUTEAU and Philip SCHYLE](includes the parties The New Star and This Country is Yours); Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; Our Home alliance; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia or RPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; Union for Democracy alliance or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]	Federation Action for the Republic or FAR [Ngarledjy YORONGAR]; National Rally for Development and Progress or RNDP [Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE]; National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Party for Liberty and Development or PLD [Ibni Oumar Mahamat SALEH]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lol Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR [Jean ALINGUE]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	278,963 (July 2007 est.)	9,944,201 (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	80% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	1.461% (2007 est.)	2.93% (2006 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)	AM 2, FM 4, shortwave 5 (2002)
Religions	Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 10%, no religion 6%	Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.045 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.079 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.066 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 689; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	53,600 (2006)	13,000 (2004)
Telephones - mobile cellular	152,000 (2006)	210,000 (2005)
Television broadcast stations	7 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997)	1 (2002)
Terrain	mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs	broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Total fertility rate	1.98 children born/woman (2007 est.)	6.25 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate	11.7% (2005)	NA%
Waterways	-	Chari and Legone rivers are navigable only in wet season (2002)

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